Question 1

Overview

Accepted Answer

Rock Type(s): Sandstone
Route Grading: Fair - personally I've found the vertical crimpy face climbs slightly tougher than graded, while past-vertical juggy climbs tend to be softer.
Recommended Sport Sub-Sector: The "Second Pullout" parking area has the best density and variety of sport crags all within a 20-minute approach.
 
You'll see warnings everywhere that the rock becomes very brittle after rain. Do not climb shortly after rain. I don't know exactly how long it takes to dry, but I've read that a good rule of thumb is if the sand on the ground around the crag is still at all moist, the walls probably are too wet. (If anyone has experience with how long it takes to dry let me know!)

Question 2

Guide Book & Mountain Project

Accepted Answer

Guide Book
There are a number of books available. The only one I am familiar with is an older edition of Red Rocks, a Climber's Guide by Jerry Handren. It is quite good - my favorite part is that it distinguishes sport routes from trad routes by color (strange that most books don't do this).
 
Mountain Project
You could probably get by just using Mountain Project if you had to - it is mostly complete for the area and even has a few new crags that may be missed by some guide books. However, I'd recommend having a guide book to cross-reference with MP and locate the crags.

Question 3

Area Access

Accepted Answer

Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area
Most of the climbing areas can be accessed by driving into the park. The day fee is $7, but the America the Beautiful pass is good here (purchasable at the entrance), or you can get an annual pass. Most guide books and MP divide the crags by the pullout (aka parking lot) they are closest to.
On weekends and holidays, the park gets very crowded so get there early. If you arrive after 10am, you will wait in a long line to get in and have trouble parking (legally, at least) - especially at the second pullout which only fits about 20 cars. From my experience, they don't ticket cars parked on the side of the road near the pullouts - but maybe I've just been lucky so far. Occasionally the park will hit capacity and they will not let any cars in at all; this only appears to happen later in the afternoon.
One other thing to keep in mind - the only road through the park is a one-way 13-mile loop. It can take over 30 minutes to get out of the park. If you get behind excessively slow sight-seers, the road is wide enough to pass and I don't hesitate to gun it by them (unclear if this is frowned upon by park officials though...)
Calico Basin
The turn off for Calico Basin is about 2 miles before the park entrance (coming from Vegas). This area has a few sport climbing crags, but is most popular for the Kraft Boulders. It is a good alternative if the park is too crowded, though it also gets packed on weekends.
Main Parking Areas:

Question 4

Gear Considerations

Accepted Answer

The average length of single-pitch sport routes at Red Rocks is relatively short. I'm not sure I've found any routes that required more than a 60m rope (some at Sunny and Steep may come close), though double check the crag you are visiting to help decide. Twelve quick draws will be enough for almost any route. A stick clip can be useful if you are pushing your limit or for routes above rough terrain, but it is not as essential as some other areas.
It is a desert so bring a lot of water (2L for a full day). It gets very hot in the sun, but cool in the shade.

THE SELF-COACHED GUMBY

RED ROCK CANYON

Logistics

Overview

Getting There

Where to Stay

Life in Vegas

Climbing

Overview

Guide Book & Mountain Project

Area Access

Gear Considerations

Crag Info

Overview

Black Corridor

Cannibal Crag

Civilization Crag

The Gallery

Hunter S. Thompson Dome

Magic Bus

Meetup Wall

Panty Wall

Stone Wall

Sweet Pain Wall

Sunny and Steep

Wall of Confusion

RED ROCK CANYON

Logistics

Overview

Getting There

Where to Stay

Life in Vegas

Climbing

Overview

Guide Book &amp; Mountain Project

Area Access

Gear Considerations

Crag Info

Overview

Black Corridor

Cannibal Crag

Civilization Crag

The Gallery

Hunter S. Thompson Dome

Magic Bus

Meetup Wall

Panty Wall

Stone Wall

Sweet Pain Wall

Sunny and Steep

Wall of Confusion

Guide Book & Mountain Project